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UPSC PRELIMS_POWER PLAY- AGRICULTURE SERIES ( Precision Farming)

 

Precision Farming

  • Precision agriculture (PA) is an approach where inputs are utilised in precise amounts to get increased average yields, compared to traditional cultivation techniques such as agroforestry, intercropping, crop rotation, etc.
  • Sustainable PA is this century’s most valuable innovation in farm management that is based on using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs).
  • It is based on sustainable agriculture and healthy food production and it consists of profitability and increasing production, economic efficiency and the reduction of side effects on the environment.

  • FEATURES:

    A key component of this farm management approach is the use of information technology and a wide array of items such as: 

    • GPS guidance
    • control systems
    • sensors, robotics, drones, autonomous vehicles
    • variable rate technology (It enables the variable application of inputs and allows farmers to control the amount of inputs they apply in a specific location)
    • GPS based soil sampling (Soil sampling allows growers to consider productivity differences within a field and formulate a plan that takes these differences into account)
    • automated hardware, telematics, and software (Computer applications can be used to create precise farm plans, field maps, crop scouting and yield maps)

  • Benefits:
    • Increases agriculture productivity.
    • Prevents soil degradation.
    • Reduces chemical application in crop production.
    • Efficient use of water resources.
    • Disseminates modern farm practices to improve the quality, quantity and reduced cost of production.
    • Changes the socio-economic status of farmers.
  • Challenges:
    • Research suggests educational and economic challenges as the two most important in the application of precision agriculture.
      • Among the variables that contribute to educational challenges, lack of local experts, funds, knowledgeable research and extension personnel have more of an impact compared to others.
      • PA and initial costs have more of an impact among the economic challenges compared to the other issues.


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