ENLIGHTENED MINDS_Inspiring Excellence

  Major Literary Works & Authors in Gupta Period The Gupta period was known as the Golden period of India in cultural development. It is considered as the one of the supreme and most outstanding times. Gupta Kings patronized the Sanskrit literature. They generously helped Sanskrit scholars and poets. Eventually Sanskrit language became the language of cultured and educated people. Kalidasa He was a Classical Sanskrit writer, extensively considered as the greatest poet and dramatist of Gupta Period. The six major works of Kalidasa are Abhijnanashakuntala Vikramorvashi Malavikagnimitra The epic poems Raghuvamsha Kumarasambhava Meghaduta Vishakhadatta The famous plays of Vishakhadatta are Mudrarakṣhasa Mudrarakshasha means “Ring of the Demon” and it recites the ascent of Chandragupta Maurya to throne. Shudraka He is a king as well as poet The famous three Sanskrit plays contributed by him are Mrichchhakatika (The Little Clay Cart) Vinavasavadatta A bhana (short one-act monologue) ...

Maratha Administration The Asthapradhan Peshwa or the Chief Minister - He looked after general administration. Amatya or Majumdar - Accountant general, he later became revenue and finance minister. Sachiv or Surunavis - Also called Chitnis; he looked after the Royal correspondence. Sumant or Dabir - Foreign affairs and the master of Royal ceremonies. Senapati or Sari-i-Naubat - Military commander. He looked after the recruitment, training and discipline of army. Mantri or WaqiaNavis -Personal safety of the king, he looked after the intelligence, post and household affairs. Nyayadhish- Administration of Justice Punditrao - Looking after charitable and religious affairs of the state. He worked for the moral upliftment of the people. Central Administration It was founded by Shivaji for the sound system of administration which was greatly inspired from the Deccan style of administration. Most of the administrative reforms were inspired from Malik Amber reforms...

Ramanuja In the year 1017 A.D., Ramanuja was born in the village of Perumbudur, about twenty-five miles west of Madras. Ramanuja’s Tamil name was Ilaya Perumal.  Quite early in life, Ramanuja lost his father.  Then he came to Kancheepuram to prosecute his study of the Vedas under one Yadavaprakasha, a teacher of Advaita philosophy. He wrote his commentary on the Brahma Sutras known as the Sri Bhashya.  The Visishtadvaita system is an ancient one. It was expounded by Bodhayana in his Vritti, written about 400 B.C. Ramanuja travelled throughout the length and breadth of India to disseminate the path of devotion.  He visited all the sacred places throughout India including Kashi, Kashmir and Badrinath. Ramananda He was born at Allahabad. Initially he was a follower of Ramanuja. Later he founded his own sect and preached his principles in Hindi at Banaras and Agra. Ramananda was the first to employ the vernacular medium to spread his ideas. He opp...

Arab Invasion in India: Muhammad-bin-Qasim Al-Hajjajj, the Governor of Iraq sent Muhammad-bin-Qasim to India He Conquered Sind with the permission of Caliph Walid Battle of Rewar -Fought between Muhammad-bin-Qasim and Dahir the ruler of Sind Dahir was defeated. Sind and Multan was captured. Muhammad-bin-Qasim called Multan as The City of Gold’ Administrative System Sind and Multan were divided into number of Iqtas or districts by Muhammad-bin- Qasim and Arab military officers headed the Iqtas. The sub-divisions of the districts were administered by the local Hindu Officers. Jizya was imposed on non-Muslims. Muhammad bin Qasim’s Army 25,000 troops with 6000 Camels, 6000 Syrian horses, 3000 Bactrian Camels and an  artillery force with 2000 men, advanced guards, and five catapults. End of Muhammad-bin-Qasim Caliph Walid was succeeded by Caliph Sulaiman. He was an enemy of Al - Hajjaj, the Governor of Iraq. Muhammad-bin Qasim was the son-in-law of Al-Hajj...