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  Credit Guarantee Scheme for Subordinate Debt (CGSSD) About Credit Guarantee Scheme for Subordinate Debt (CGSSD) Under the Credit Guarantee Scheme for Subordinate Debt (CGSSD), the government will provide a subordinate debt facility to the promoters of micro, small and medium enterprises that are either distressed or classified under non-performing assets. In case of default, creditors giving subordinate debt are paid after primary debt is settled in full. The scheme will provide a guarantee cover worth Rs 20,000 crore to more than two lakh MSMEs, the Ministry of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises said in an official release. The scheme will be operationalised through the Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for MSEs (CGTMSE). Under the CGSSD programme, the government will provide the guarantee cover to promoters who can take debt from banks to further invest in stressed MSMEs as equity.  Ministry:  Ministry Of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises Purpose of the Scheme: To pr...

  General Studies-I (Indian Heritage and Culture, History  and  Geography of the World and Society) Indian Culture - Salient aspects of Art Forms, Literature and Architecture from ancient to modern times. Modern Indian History from about the middle of the eighteenth century until the present- significant events, personalities, issues. The Freedom Struggle — its various stages and important contributors/contributions from different parts of the country. Post-independence Consolidation and Reorganization within the country. History of the World will include events from 18th century such as Industrial Revolution, world wars,  Redrawal  of National Boundaries, Colonization, Decolonization, political philosophies like Communism, Capitalism, Socialism etc.— their forms and effect on the society. Salient features of Indian Society, Diversity of India. Role of Women and Women’s Organization, Population and Associated Issues, Poverty and Developmental issues, Urbanizatio...

  Forest Fire GS-1 Geography With rising mercury levels,  Uttarakhand's forest fire  season has now reached its peak. There are two primary causes of wildfires, viz. Human and Natural. Human Causes 90% of all wildfires are caused by humans. Human acts of carelessness such as leaving campfires unattended and negligent discarding of cigarette butts result in wildfire disasters every year. Accidents, deliberate acts of arson, burning of debris, and fireworks are the other substantial causes of wildfires. Natural Causes Lightning:  A fairly good number of wildfires are triggered by lightning. Volcanic Eruption:  Hot magma in the earth’s crust is usually expelled out as lava during a volcanic eruption. The hot lava then flows into nearby fields or lands to start wildfires. Temperature:  High atmospheric temperatures and dryness offer favourable conditions for a fire to start. Climate Change  is causing a gradually increasing surface air temperature, which c...

  Agriculture issues and its role in food security Issues in Indian agriculture Due to a  variety of limiting factors , from uncertainties of the weather to soil fertility and water availability, increasing returns to scale are very difficult to achieve in farming. This underscores the  need for the right kind of public investment  in agriculture. Again, economies of scale allow producers in industry to make profits by cutting unit costs, even as prices fall, while those who fail to make the cut, get eliminated from competition. But in agriculture, members of the family can be drafted to work on the family’s farm, as also in other farm and non-farm work. This phenomenon is quite widespread in India today: of the  nine crore rural families  who draw their  main income from unskilled manual labour,   four crore are small and marginal farmers . Through overwork and self-exploitation, peasant farmers are able to cling on to their land. Again,  pr...

National Climate Vulnerability Assessment Report   Report Specifications ‘Climate Vulnerability Assessment for Adaptation Planning in India Using a Common Framework’ is the title of the paper. It describes India’s most vulnerable states and districts in terms of current climate danger and primary vulnerability drivers. The study was prepared in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, by the Indian Institute of Technology Mandi and the Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. The Following are the Main results of the Vulnerability Assessment This study describes the most vulnerable states and districts in India in terms of current climate danger and the key drivers of vulnerability, based on an all-India assessment. Jharkhand, Mizoram, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh, and West Bengal, which have a relatively high vulnerability, are mainly in the eastern part of the country, necessitating the prioritisation of adaptation interventions. Ove...