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Prelims_Power Play _Medieval History-Administration under the Delhi Sultanate

Administration under the Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate period extended from 1206 A.D. to 1526 A.D. for almost 320 years.
The administration was based on Islamic laws (Sharia).
A Theocratic and a Military State.

Ministers to Sultan
  • Wazir -Prime Minister and Finance Minister
  • Diwani-I-Risalt -Foreign Affairs Minister
  • Sadr-us-Suddar - Minister of Islamic Law
  • Diwan-I-lnsha -Correspondence Minister
  • Diwan-I-Ariz -Defence or War Minister
  • Qazi-ul-quzar -Minister of Justice


Central Administration

The Sultan was the head of the empire.
He possessed vast powers.
Also other officials were appointed to take care of the administration.


Provincial Administration


  • The empire was divided into a number of Iqtas.
  • Iqtadars administered the Iqtas
  •  Iqtas further were divided into smaller units called Parganas, Shiqqs, and the villages.
  • Amil or Munsif -an important official of the Pargana.


Local Administration
  • The village was the smallest unit of administration.
  • The village administration was carried out by local hereditary officers and the Panchayats
  • The Panchayat looked after education, sanitation, justice, revenue etc.
  • The Central Government did not interfere in the village administration.


Revenue Administration under Delhi Sultanate
  • Land revenue was the main source of income.


Judicial Administration


  • The Sultan was the highest judicial authority.
  • Qazi-ul-quzar- the Chief Judicial officer.
  • A Quazi was appointed in every town.
  • Criminals were punished severely.


Military Administration

 The Sultan was the Commander of the army
The four divisions of the army were
1. The Royal army
2. Provincial or Governor’s army
3. Feudal army and
4. War Time army

Social life of the Sultanate period

 The people in the society were divided based on their nationality and they are:

  • Foreign Muslims
  • Indian Muslims
  • Hindus


Economic conditions of the people


  • The people were mainly involved in agriculture and industry
  • Textile industry was the primary industry.
  • Paper Industry, metal work, pearl diving, ivory and sandal works, stone cutting, Sugar industry were the other industries of this period. 

Textiles

  • Indian textiles were in great demand in foreign countries.
  • Bengal and Gujarat were famous for their quality fabrics.
  • Cotton, woollen and silk of different varieties were produced in large quantities.
  • The clothes had gold, diamonds, pearls, silver and stone works

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